Los Alamos National Laboratory

Decoding the Language of RNA

We combine cutting-edge AI, computer simulations, and experimental approaches to reveal the mechanisms of drugs that target ribosomes, riboswitches, and non-coding RNAs at atomic resolution.

Research Focus

AI: Beyond AlphaFold

We are leveraging the latest breakthroughs in AI, generative models, and integrative simulation that go well beyond proteins. RNA is the next frontier.

Ribosome Dynamics

Large-scale molecular simulations reveal the energy landscape of tRNA selection and translocation, uncovering how the ribosome achieves remarkable accuracy in protein synthesis.

Riboswitch Mechanisms

Joint computational and experimental studies illuminate how riboswitches—nature's genetic switches—sense small molecules and regulate gene expression with exquisite precision.

Non-coding RNAs

Pioneering structural studies of lncRNAs reveal their complex architecture and key roles in development, disease, and epigenetic mechanisms.

Our Team

Our interdisciplinary team combines expertise in AI, computational biophysics, structural biology, high-performance computing, and experimental biochemistry.

Karissa Sanbonmatsu, Ph.D.
Principal Investigator

Karissa Sanbonmatsu, Ph.D.

Leading research on RNA structure and dynamics through innovative computational approaches. Pioneer in billion-atom molecular simulations and structural studies of long non-coding RNAs.

Nathan Jespersen, Ph.D.
Postdoc

Nathan Jespersen

Cryo-EM, AI, MD

Jignesh Prajapati, Ph.D.
Postdoc

Jignesh Prajapati

MD simulation, RNA modeling and folding, structural biology

Collaborators

Joachim Frank

Columbia University
Cryo-EM

Nicholas Lubbers

Los Alamos, AI Division
AI

José Onuchic

Rice University, CTBP
Protein/RNA folding

Jeannie Lee

Massachusetts General Brigham (MGB)
X Chromosome Inactivation

Alumni

Jignesh Prajapati

Birla Institute of Technology And Science (BITS)
Assistant Professor

Ankush Singhal

Eli Lilly, AI Division
Scientist

Dylan Girodat

University of Lethbrige
Assistant Professor

Doo Nam Kim

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Scientist

Ashutosh Dharap

University of South Florida
Assistant Professor

Serdal Kirmizialtin

NYU Abu Dhabi
Associate Professor

Irina Novikova

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Scientist

Paul Whitford

Northeastern University
Associate Professor

Scott Hennelly

Los Alamos
Principal Investigator

Andrea Vaiana

NTX/UNM
Scientist

Publications

2025

Human protein synthesis requires aminoacyl-tRNA pivoting during proofreading

Sapkota D, Sanbonmatsu KY, Girodat, D

Nature Communications
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2025

Statistical relationships across epigenomes using large-scale hierarchical clustering

Kim A, Steadman, CR, Lubbers, N, Sanbonmatsu KY

Bioinformatics Advances
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2024

Supercomputing in the biological sciences: Toward Zettascale and Yottascale simulations

Sanbonmatsu KY

Current Opinion In Structural Biology
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2023

Geometric alignment of aminoacyl-tRNA relative to catalytic centers of the ribosome underpins accurate mRNA decoding

Girdat, D, Wieden, HJ, Blanchard, SC, Sanbonmatsu KY

Nature Communications
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2020

Zinc-finger protein CNBP alters the 3-D structure of lncRNA Braveheart in solution

DN Kim, BC Thiel, T Mrozowich, SP Hennelly, IL Hofacker, TR Patel, Sanbonmatsu KY

Nature Communications
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2021

Four-dimensional chromosome reconstruction elucidates the spatiotemporal reorganization of the mammalian X chromosome

A Lappala, CY Wang, A Kriz, H Michalk, K Tan, JT Lee, KY Sanbonmatsu

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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2019

Scaling molecular dynamics beyond 100,000 processor cores for large‐scale biophysical simulations

Jaewoon Jung, Wataru Nishima, Marcus Daniels, Gavin Bascom, Chigusa Kobayashi, Adetokunbo Adedoyin, Michael Wall, Anna Lappala, Dominic Phillips, William Fischer, Chang‐Shung Tung, Tamar Schlick, Yuji Sugita, Karissa Y Sanbonmatsu

Journal of Computational Chemistry
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2016

COOLAIR Antisense RNAs Form Evolutionarily Conserved Elaborate Secondary Structures

Hawkes EJ, Hennelly SP, Novikova IV, Irwin JA, Dean C, Sanbonmatsu KY

Cell Reports
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2016

A G-Rich Motif in the LncRNA Braveheart Interacts with a Zinc-Finger Transcription Factor to Specify the Cardiovascular Lineage

Xue Z, Hennelly SP, Doyle B, Gulati AA, Novikova IV, Sanbonmatsu KY, Boyer LA

Molecular Cell
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2014

Regulation of the Mammalian Elongation Cycle by Subunit Rolling: A Eukaryotic-Specific Ribosome Rearrangement

Budkevich TV, Giesebrecht J, Behrmann E, Loerke J, ... Sanbonmatsu KY, Spahn CMT

Cell
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2011

Excited States of Ribosome Translocation Revealed through Integrative Molecular Modeling

Whitford PC, Ahmed A, Yu Y, Hennelly SP, ... Sanbonmatsu KY

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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2010

Head Swivel on the Ribosome Facilitates Translocation Via Intra-Subunit tRNA Hybrid Sites

Ratje AH, Loerke J, ... Sanbonmatsu KY, Hartmann RK, Penczek PA, Wilson DN, Spahn CMT

Nature
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2005

Simulating Movement of tRNA Into the Ribosome During Decoding

Sanbonmatsu KY, Joseph S, Tung C-S

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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News

September 2016

COOLAIR Paper Published in Cell Reports

Our research on COOLAIR antisense RNAs revealing evolutionarily conserved elaborate secondary structures has been published.

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September 2016

Braveheart LncRNA Study in Molecular Cell

New findings on how a G-Rich motif in the lncRNA Braveheart specifies cardiovascular lineage development.

Read more →
2014

Cell Publication on Ribosome Dynamics

Landmark study reveals eukaryotic-specific ribosome rearrangement mechanism for regulating protein synthesis.

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Media and Resources

Videos

Molecular simulations, research presentations, and scientific visualizations of RNA dynamics.

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Images

Gallery of molecular structures, simulation snapshots, and scientific illustrations.

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Jobs

Join our team! Current openings for postdocs, graduate students, and research positions.

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Contact

Primary Location

Los Alamos National Laboratory

Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group
Theoretical Division
P.O. Box 1663
Los Alamos, NM 87545
Biological Laboratory

New Mexico Consortium

Biological Laboratory
100 Entrada Drive
Los Alamos, NM 87544
newmexicoconsortium.org